Sonys Business Strategy In The Global Environment Commerce Essay Free Essays

Since 1946, Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita founded Sony as Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corp in Tokyo. The company commenced researching with 20 employees with a budget lower than 200,000 hankerings. The company was fabricating telecommunication and measurement equipment. We will write a custom essay sample on Sonys Business Strategy In The Global Environment Commerce Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Within a twelvemonth, the first merchandise was launched, a power megaphone. In 1950, the Japan ‘s first tape recording equipment was distributed to a market. When Sony eyes on conveying their wares to the international market in the mid-1950s, it seemed to be a virgin name, at the interim, because the initials TTK were antecedently selected. The company combined its name from the Latin word for sound, â€Å" sonus, † and the American word â€Å" sonny † . Regard to a trade taging grounds, the company desired to hold a word that will non be found in any linguistic communication. Many inquiries came up from an internal harmonizing to the alteration because of the clip spent on implementing its former trade name known globally, but in 1958, the name was officially changed to Sony Corp. In 1960, Sony started out its U.S. subdivision, called SONAM ( Sony Corporation of America ) , known as SCA, and the first subdivision in the United Kingdom in eight old ages subsequently. First, the subdivision was named as Sony ( U.K. ) Ltd and was changed subsequently into Sony United Kingdom Ltd. The company spreads out into Spain and France in 1973 every bit good as in German in 1986. Sony has a long history of presenting engineerings. Sony novices, in 1950, the Japan ‘s first transistor wireless, the TR-55. In a piece, the company released a minor transistor wireless. For a decennary, Sony released the universe ‘s first direct-view portable Television, the TV8-301. The company persisted in developing the Television and in a twosome of old ages manufactured the tiniest all-transistor Television. In 1989, Sony released the Handycam, a portable, easy-to-use, 8 millimeter camcorder. Six old ages ago, the company brought the universe ‘s first Blu-ray phonograph record participant into the amusement market. In 2005, Sony upgrades the Handycam to the High Definition Handycam, making the universe ‘s smallest picture camera. The Walkman is the leader merchandise from Sony forcing the SONY trade name to the top. The first version was launched in 1979. The little, lightweight portable tape participant revolutionized the manner people listened to music. It besides allowed persons to do music truly personal by utilizing earphones. In 1984, Sony released the Discman, the company ‘s first portable Cadmium participant. Since March 2009, Sony employed more than 171,300 people. The one-year gross of company in 2009 was about $ 8 billion, with about $ 1.5 billion in net income. They remain headquartered in Tokyo and have about 100 attached companies outside Japan. Particular Critical Incident of Sony Sony has got assorted retail mercantile establishments around the World which ensures a uninterrupted supply of merchandises to the clients. However, from these retail mercantile establishments there are a batch of rivals such as Motorola which produce similar merchandises and use the same mercantile establishments to do the merchandises reach the consumers. Due to this there is a demand for Sony to come up with schemes which can do them win over their rivals merchandises. For illustration in the late 1990 ‘s Sony lost its leading place in most of its markets merely because of improper schemes. There are assorted grounds which led to this failure and they are farther discussed and supported by assorted schools here under ; Mintzberg Schools Harmonizing to Mintzberg et Al ( 1998 ) there are 10 schemes which when divided into three groups can be applicable in transporting out strategic direction procedure. The three groups are ; normative, Descriptive and Configuration. Prescriptive describes how schemes should be made instead than how schemes are formulated ; descriptive describes assorted procedures involved in the formation of scheme and constellation includes description of both descriptive and constellation. For a company ‘s scheme to work best in a given concern environment, it has to place and utilize a mix of schemes. As referred to the instance survey, the failure of Sony to take in most of its market would hold been solved by looking as to whether the scheme behind the company was working or non. The company taking place in the market would hold worked on the longer footings by placing three Mintzberg schemes of entrepreneurial, cognitive every bit good as Power schools. The entrepreneurial school focal points on cognition and intuition which directors need to be cognizant of, in the procedure of transporting out their managerial activities ( Betz, 2002 ) . The success of any scheme is chiefly based on director ‘s vision, personal intuition, judgements, experience and wisdom. As referred to the instance survey, one of the ways which seemed to be solution to resuscitate Sony was to replace the bing Chief executive officer at that clip and Howard Stringer took over the company as a new Chief executive officer in 2005. Stringer was able to resuscitate the company through efficiency and reorganisation which made different section collaborating together to accomplish a common end. Another feature of scheme which needs to be seen at Sony Company is the cognitive schools which focus on strategian head. Harmonizing to Ginder at Al. 2002, scheme depends on single ‘s apprehension and how that single manages the information used to develop the scheme. The doomed of Sony ‘s leading place was due to failures of strategians to acknowledge the growing of new engineerings. This means the strategians did non hold adequate information related to market environment. This information would hold been obtained through SWOT analysis and could assist directors explicate the company ‘s schemes efficaciously. Power School as another Mintzberg scheme focuses on power relationships of where the scheme is created. The power school requires of import characters in the organisation to dicker persuade and comfort each other in the procedure of scheme preparation. ( Betz, 2002 ) commented on his survey that scheme can be used as a tool of doing partnerships. Having a new CEO, Howard Stringer Sony reported a loss which was caused by failure of the company to convey up advanced merchandises. The new CEO and directors of the company fail to look into alterations go oning in the competitory concern environment, and hence the alterations brought loss to the company sometimes subsequently. Whittington Whittington ‘s theory of scheme focal points on four schools of classical, evolutionary, processual and systemic. The school which relate to Sony Company is evolutionary theory. Harmonizing to Doty et Al ( 1993 ) the evolutionary school focal points on the environment as the chief factor instead than rational attack suggested by other schools. The Evolutionary attack believes that organisational environment is the biggest factor in the preparation of concern scheme therefore the preparation of scheme must be reflected to the environment since it is unpredictable and mutable. In add-on to that the theory supports on emphasizing that net income maximization is determined by markets and non directors. Whittington concludes that rational attacks can non find the endurance of houses in the selling environment but it is development which determines it. In development, competition is overcome by the battle and endurance of the house from which the rule of natural choice is translated into the scheme for the best public presentation. Sony failure to be a leader in the planetary market can be linked to the evolutionary school due to miss of market information. Bing a leader in the market, top direction was supposed to be cognizant of the conditions predominating in the market including invention and technological promotion which could assist the company keep its leading place. On the other manus, when the new CEO, Mr. Stringer took over the company he seemed to be less concern with the environment alternatively he focused on reorganisation. The sections in the company functioned independently and made the CEO to see it as a chief cause of the company ‘s failure to globalise. The Chief executive officer was supposed to look at what the company is bring forthing and do comparing with the merchandises available in the selling environment to keep the leading place of the company. Successful organisations are those that most efficaciously interact with their environments ( Hambrick 1982, Pfeffer and Salancik 1978 ) . Organizational Performance is dependent on the organisation ‘s ability to aline or fit its schemes, constructions, and processes to its environment. Alignment depends on the organisation ‘s ability to obtain relevant information about its current and future environment. Environmental scanning is the procedure by which an organisation collects environmental information, which is utilized in its strategic direction procedure. Therefore to be a leader and go success in its planetary markets it was suppose to scan its environment and any information obtained should be incorporated into the company ‘s scheme every bit good as constructions and procedures within the company. While making that, the top direction has to do certain that information is shared among assorted members of the company chiefly between the sections. Corporate CEO is a individual whose determinations take the company in the coveted way. Most of the CEOS are leaders in the environmental motion. It is clip to acknowledge that their committedness is critical to success. The universe economic system is now propelled by venture capital and proficient invention. Barney ‘s ( 1991 ) says that organisational resources are said to be embedded in the organisation, squad based, and capable to causal ambiguity. Such capablenesss are besides really much in line with the â€Å" modus operandis † . Here we focus on managerial accomplishments at running the concern or a portion of the concern. The success of the Sony, at the beggary was good known but later on the company experienced losingss merely because of its hapless organisational construction in which sections ‘ maps independently from each other. The results indicated that segmented and isolated work to team-based operations is important to organisational market leading. Organizations operations should be carried out in line with undertaking forces for short-run job resolution exercisings, and with cross-functional and cross-hierarchical squads to accomplish longer-term aims and specific undertakings of an ongoing nature. Moss Kanter ( 1983 ) argues that such squad mechanisms promote the circulation of resources, information and support. The tendency, hence, has been off from segmented and isolated constructions with small communicating and interaction between countries and different degrees, to a state of affairs where interaction and integrating are seen as being indispensable to operations. No longer do functional countries concentrate merely on their ain undertakings. Now they are made cognizant of the work of other countries and how they can be of aid to them. Interaction through squads and webs ensures that the wider image of the organisation is understood. Team-based work ensures a more flexible and adaptable attack to work makes possible the wider exercising of liberty and duty, gives rise to increased interaction, communicating and information flows, and makes work more gratifying for those involved. Strategic Decisions Globally, SONY is perceived as the trade name whose merchandises are of high quality, with the presence of rivals the company has to do certain that it has a tool of competitory advantage in order to get the better of the approaching rivals and get larger market portion. In order to accomplish the planetary aspirations the company has to see the following cardinal strategic determination ; Harmonizing to Gupta and Govidarajan ( 2001 ) , any company wishing to function its markets globally will hold to do four nucleus determinations refering ; The markets the company wishes to run The merchandises to vie in the planetary market The manner of come ining the market Time/speed of entry Plague analysis On the other manus SONY Company has to utilize PEST analysis to obtain the necessary information which helps the company to analyse and measure the competition it is confronting. PEST analysis involves ; Political forces such as Government policies and statute law Political stableness Public involvement groups ( consumer watchdogs ) Economic forces such as Exchange rates Inflation Social forces such as Changes in life style ( faster gait of life taking to a demand in products/services which enable people to make things more rapidly and handily ) Manner and tendencies Technological forces such as Fast gait of technological alteration Research and development ( a demand for increased budgets to maintain measure with the gait of technological alteration ) Opportunities for invention The cost of engineering ( reducing/increasing ) Increased ordinance ( wellness and safety facets of new merchandises ) SWOT analysis Besides Sony ‘s SWOT analysis is one of the schemes which the company will hold to do in order to achieve its planetary aspirations. SWOT analysis will assist the company to fit its strength and failings against chances and menaces available in the environment in which the company operates. Strengths for illustration skilled work force, good systems and strong trade name Failings for illustration unequal resources, high cost base and decelerate internal determinations. Opportunities for illustration dining economic system and stylish merchandise Menaces for illustration – Global competition and industry repute. Porter ‘s five forces In add-on to that the SONY Company has to utilize Porter ‘s five forces analysis as a competitory scheme which postulates the impact that other organisations pose on the company. Porter ‘s five forces include ; New entrants, Sony ‘s planetary aspirations and High cost of entry to organize a barrier to entry rivals. Features of replacement merchandises as to whether they are, Cheaper, Different and better Existing participants chiefly competition within the industry such as Apple and Samsung. Suppliers ; Supplier concentration, Bargaining power, Supplier extension every bit good as Fixed/variable cost. Customers ; Buyer concentration, Customer trueness, Switch overing costs and Buyer motivations. Porter ‘s Diamond In order Sony to accomplish its planetary aspirations, it must be prepared to get the better of strong competition in the planetary electronics concern market. Porter ‘s diamond theory concludes that the state in which the organisation is based can strongly impact the organisation. Harmonizing to Johnson et Al. 2006, the state in which the organisation is based can assist in making a tool of competitory advantage by supplying factors from which the organisation can explicate the advantages. The factors include factor conditions, demand conditions, house ‘s scheme, construction and competition and related and back uping industries. Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: The_Porter_Diamond.svg The Porter ‘s Diamond Organization ‘s can derive competitiveness utilizing four factors presented in the Porter ‘s diamond scheme ( Matsuyama and Vanderbrink, 2003 ) . The conditions bing in the local environment clime and policies can be tracked utilizing the house ‘s scheme, construction every bit good as competition. Information about competition and local market influence can be collected utilizing demand conditions. If related to Sony Company, the lone factor conditions, which will assist to make competitory advantage, are invention and engineering betterments. Having produced assortments of electronics merchandises, invention will do the company to come up with new, good differentiated merchandises and quality merchandises. In order to accomplish its planetary aspirations Sony Company can utilize merchandise development scheme to ease its advanced patterns. Merchandise development New merchandises in current markets – this may intend perfectly new merchandises or loops of other merchandises to do them more suited to the known market. The benefit to the administration is ; if the new merchandises are successful, the cost of marketing a broader scope of merchandises to the market is less in relation to the larger grosss generated. The hazard involved here is that new merchandises can hold a high failure rate. Execution Challenges in the Global Market Michael, J. ( 1999 ) International relation of production mediated either by the market through internal minutess of the transnational corporation ( MNCs ) , are distributing quickly to the most parts of the universe. Porter, E ( 1998 ) Trade liberalisation has brought competition among enterprisers in the universe, as consequence ; invention remained the cardinal arm for concern to last within a market. However, alteration within an organisation is a measure frontward toward to acknowledgment of a concern menace. Menace of concern can be internal or external, whichever manner, Koontz and O’Donnell ( 1984 ) Contributed on the issue of direction within an organisation † Five countries were identified which makes directors to be proactive in their public presentations an compulsion with reactivity of clients, invention in all countries of the house, partnership – means sharing across stakeholders and derive connexion with all people around organisation † Harmonizing to the academic school, the Kurt lewin alteration was assumed to be a necessary within the organisation if at all a company mean to convey alteration. However, Howard Stringer ( CEO ) of Sony Company has made some necessary alterations into Sony Company, which lead to some sensible alteration The job From The company expert analyst major job for Sony was a awkwardness of oversing its merchandise. This job was associated with company civilization which prevented sharing information among other section. When main executive of Sony Company came to gain the job, new scheme was implemented to decide a job. The jobs were solved, but the major 1 was to reconstitute the whole administration. February 2009, in one of ( CEO ) his critical addresss he said â€Å" There is still a batch of the old Sony, and non plenty of the new which constraints our fight † . Haward Stringer said Mintzberg et Al ( 1998 ) the school theoretical account scheme prognosis to do certain that internal and external capableness are step. This means a scheme should be planed diligently from the top to the underside of the administration, by specifying the major obstruction to impede alteration. Otherwise, alteration starts inside, where member of the administration, their mentality should be influenced to get by with the alteration required. Kurt lewin theoretical account argued that alteration has a procedure ; this procedure starts to, dissolving ; traveling and refreezing Cummingss and Worley, ( 2002 ) . However other theoretical account described lewin theoretical account gaining the importance of whole people ( members ) of the administration to back up alteration.it is good thought to act upon bulk get downing from top side of the direction construction to the underside by explicating why alteration was necessary for the administration. This may cut down the impact of opposition for alteration. Ivancevich and Matteson ( 2002 ) There different types of alteration, but alteration of behavior and height and values are the most major which in bend consequences to travel the administration at different degree of production. Harmonizing to the proclamation made by CEO of Sony Company early 2009, foremost and foremost alteration was for organizational civilization, beliefs come from the perceptual experience and consequence it is fruit itself. If the company managed to alter staff beliefs, turn negative height to positive height the consequence is to do alteration happen. Harmonizing to Maslow ‘s Hierarchy of demands, as director should understand the complexness of human demands. If this was instance, â€Å" the inquiry which is raised that, how an employee can run into the organizational demands ( Objectives ) if the company director has non fulfilled an employee demands? † Maslow ‘s theoretical accounts recognised that, nevertheless a basic demands should be fulfilled at least so every bit far as you meet an employee demand from bottom to exceed of the hierarch, perceptual experience of many employees is security. Refreezing degree this is the degree whereby a company a company is looking to brace the alteration in a new manner, confidence to staff is made and they feel unafraid therefore they will be able to present the quality as required by the administration. Example is where by a company will come in into the market chest frontward with a merchandise which meets â€Å" beyond clients the outlook † such as laptops by Sony ‘s merchandise. Very little and easy to maintain into a little pocketbook in fact person with piece in head has to come up with this invention etc. Therefore motive is most of import if truly alterations are planned. The meet a end has been defined, a company will specify how far is looking to make in the market! This inquiry automatically will be answered by the SWOT ANALYSIS discussed in the text above. â€Å" Every civilization has their say! † Swahili linguistic communication acknowledges the usage of the word â€Å" the caput is a moist † significance every determination should be pass foremost to the caput of the administration. Kurt Lewin supported that by back uping to seek support from the caput of the administration. Mentions Burnes, B ( 2004 ) ‘Managing Change ‘ 4th edition, England: Prentice Hall. Cumming, T. G and Worley, C. G ( 2001 ) ‘Organization development and alteration ‘ United statess: South-Western College. Govindarajan, V. and Gupta, A. K. ( 2001 ) ‘Mastering Global Business ‘ Hrsg: Fiscal Time, Great Britain, p.98. Harris, N. ( 2000 ) ‘Business Economicss: Theory and Application ‘ Oxford: UK, p.132 Ivancevich, J. and Matteson, T. ( 2002 ) ‘Organizational Behaviour and Management ‘ 6th edition, North Amarica: McGraw-Hill. Karlof, B. and Gilderson, A. J. ( 1993 ) ‘Business Concept: A Concise Guide ‘ USA: Routledge, p.190. Mark Kennan ( 2010 ) ‘Sony Corporation History A ; Background ‘ [ Online ] Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ehow.com/about_5176244_sony-corporation-history-background.html ( Accessed: 3 April 2010 ) Michie, Jonathan and Grieve Smith, John ( 1999 ) ‘Global instability: the political economic system of the universe economic administration ‘ London: Ruthledge, p.112. Mintzberg, H. ( 1994 ) ‘The rise and autumn of strategic be aftering ‘ London: FT Prentice Hall. Mintzberg, H. et Al ( 1998 ) ‘Strategy Safari: The complete usher through the natural states of strategic direction ‘ New York: Prentice Hall. Mullins, L. J. ( 2002 ) ‘Management and organisational behavior ‘ 6th edition, England: Prentice Hall. Raynor, M. E. ( 2007 ) ‘The Strategy Paradox ‘ New York: Doubleday Business. Smartbrief.com ( 2010 ) ‘Sony Corporation ‘ [ Online ] Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.smartbrief.com/news/cea/companyData.jsp? companyId=3938 ( Accessed: 4 April 2010 ) Sony Global ( 2010 ) ‘Sony Corp. Info ‘ [ Online ] Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sony.net/ SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/ ( Accessed: 2 April 2010 ) Sony UK ( 2010 ) ‘The History of the Sony Corporation ‘ [ Online ] Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: // www.sony.co.uk/article/id/1060176719725 ( Accessed: 2 April 2010 ) Usb4ever.com ( 2007 ) ‘The History of Sony Corporation ‘ [ Online ] Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: // www.usb4ever.com/Sony/sony-corporation.html ( Accessed: 4 April 2010 ) Whittington, R ( 2001 ) ‘What is scheme, and does it count? ‘ 2nd edition, London: Thomson. How to cite Sonys Business Strategy In The Global Environment Commerce Essay, Essay examples

Marketing Communication Plan for Nestle Click to Get Free Samples

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Communication Plan for Nestle. Answer: Introduction This report is discussed about the integrated marketing communication plan of a company which is manufacturing the food products for children. This report has been described the products of the company, target market, communication objectives of the company, creative strategy for communication plan and media strategy for proposed communication plan (Fifield, 2012). For the communication plan, the company Nestle in Australia has been taken. Nestle is famous as the leading nutrition company with the promise to provide good health and good taste in the products. The company has tagline good food, good life which suits its mission and objectives. The company has wide range of products such as food products, milk products, beverage etc. this report is about the communication plan of baby food provided by the company. There are various ranges of baby foods such as Cerelac, Gerber, Naturnes, Nestum etc. this reprt is about the instant food for the children having age under twelve (Turnbull Valla, 2013). Overview of Product Food is the essential elements for daily life. Nestle provides wide range of food products for the kids and youths. In the food products, the company has introduced instant food products such as Cerelac, Gerber, Naturnes, Nestum for the kids (Appendix). These are instant milk base foods that are very healthy for the kids. Nestle is very much concerned about the nutrition of the kids so, the company has introduced various products lines such as milk-based drinks, frozen foods, dairy products, ice cream, instant foods and chocolates. The products of the Nestle are distributed in more than 100 countries across the world. Nestle always focuses on to earn the trust of the consumers. It is focusing on creating sustainable value among the customers. It also creates suitability for stakeholders, business operations and marketing strategies. Company is providing the food products for the kids, so company have to develop the effective strategies for the success of the products (Nestle, 2015). Target Audience The main target market of Nestle will be the children who are under the age of 12. The reason of targeting children is that they are the future of the society. They need energy as they are at the growing age. The main aim of the company is to provide healthy food by the products. Along with this, children always have the positive look for things and enjoy new things. So, company wants that the children of the society will stat healthy and fit. Further, company will target the female consumers who are mothers as they are very concerned for their kids. Apart from this, company will focus on the behavioral segmentation so that consumer will give preference to the product again and again. Nestle is very famous for its quality and brand. Customers always have the psychological mindset and based on that, they seek for products which provide them stability. So, Nestle always provide best quality food products to the customers (Martnez, 2012). Communication Objectives It is very useful to attract the customers for the communication activities by the company. There are various advertisements that would be used in the communication plan. Different advertisements in posters, hoardings, and newspapers would be placed to attract the customers by Nestle. Along with this, the packaging materials will be eco friendly which would be used by the company (Dalman Min, 2014). The company Nestle has covered most of the Australian market and for the success of the product, company needs to develop an effective strategy to stay competitive in the market. Nestle is the famous brand among the customers so, the company needs effective marketing strategy for the success of the child product. The communication objectives if the company can be as follows: The targeted customers should consider the provided product of the company for some benefits. The company has the aim to provide good food in the products. So, this aim can be achieved by collecting information related to products. It is the objective that most of the market should prefer the child product of Nestle. This objective can be successful by increasing the effectiveness and awareness of the company. Nestle should attract new customers who never use the product before. This aim can be achieved by creating brand awareness of the product among the customers. Various advertisements should be done and attractive offers should be provided by the company to cover more market (Srivastava Thomas, 2010). Company needs to understand the intension of the customers for buying the food products. In todays environment, nothing is pure. The parents of the children want to provide best and healthy food to their children. So, company has to understand the purchasing intensity of the customers (Chakravarthy Coughlan, 2011). Above described communication objectives should be used by the company for the next five years to get strong position in the market. Creative Strategies Creative strategy can be described as the strategy which defines that what information should be given to the consumers by the various advertisements. For the advertisements of new product, there should be an effective and proper tagline to attract the customers. Nestle has the tagline good food, good life. This tagline is suitable for the company because this suits the communication objectives. The aim of the communication plan is to increase the awareness of the product among the customers. This campaign will be helpful to improve the brand image of the company. Through this campaign, the company will be able to capture market. The target market of the company will be children who are under the age of 12 and their mother who are concerned for the health of their kids (Kotler Keller, 2016). Media Plan Online Media The promotional strategy for the products is to market the product through online marketing. Online marketing is the popular and effective tool of marketing in the current time. For the marketing of the product, social media is very popular among the consumers as it captures almost more than half part of marketing (Epstein Yuthas, 2007). So, social media such as Facebook, Youtube and Twitter etc will be used for the communication plan. It is assumed that 55% of the total market will be used by Facebook, then 25% by Youtube, 22% by Google Plus and 22% by Twitter. Along with this, Email marketing will also be used in the campaign (Luttrell, 2016). Distribution of Information The methods of social media are very effective on the consumers but they are costly also. The methods include showing the advertisements on those channels which are very popular among the customers. This is very useful method to connect with the people in the market. With this, company can put the hoardings and posters on the busiest roads. This will also grasp the attention of the customers. This is one sided communication method of the company (Pavlou Stewart, 2015). Events For the promotional activities, events will be organized to capture the target market. In the events, consumers will be able to talk the marketing executives directly. The events by the company will be organized in the crowded places and malls. The organized events will be helpful to understand the needs and requirements of the customers. It will also be helpful to analyze the attitude of the consumers towards the customers (Gilligan Hird, 2012). Conclusion This report has been discussed about the integrated marketing campaign of the company Nestle. Nestle is famous for wide range of food products for every age group. By the discussion, it has been analyzed that the company Nestle is the leading food company in the Australian market. The company is focused on providing healthy food supplements for the children. These products can be taken to fulfill the necessities in the body. It is observed that company is very popular among the customers due to its product and service quality. But, to stay competitive in the market, it is necessary to develop effective marketing strategy by the company. References Luttrell, R., (2016), Social Media: How to Engage, Share, and Connect, Rowman Littlefield Srivastava, R., Thomas, G. (2010), Managing brand performance: Aligning positioning, execution and experience, 17(7), 465-471 Pavlou, P. A., Stewart, D. W., (2015), Interactive Advertising: A New Conceptual Framework Towards Integrating Elements of the Marketing Mix, pp. 218-222 Kotler P., Keller, (2016), Marketing Management, (15th), AUS: Pearson Education Gilligan, C., Hird, M., (2012),International Marketing Strategy and Management, 17 Fifield, P., (2012), Marketing strategy (2nd edition), Berlin: Reed educational publishing Pvt Ltd Epstein, M. J. Yuthas, K., (2007), Evaluating the Effectiveness of Internet Marketing Initiatives, accessed on 31st January 2017 from https://www.cimaglobal.com/Documents/ImportedDocuments/Tech_MAG_Evaluating_Internet_Marketing_April06.pdf Chakravarthy, B., Coughlan, S., (2011), Emerging market strategy: innovating both products and delivery systems, 40(1), 27 Nestle, (2015), Australian Packaging Covenant, accessed on 31st January 2017 from https://www.nestle.com.au/asset-library/documents/nestle-2012-2015-apc-convenant-action-plan-v3.1.pdf Dalman, M., Min, J. (2014), Marketing Strategy for Unusual Brand Differentiation: Trivial Attribute Effect, IJMS, 6(5) Martnez, P., (2012), The Consumer Mind: Brand Perception and the Implications for Marketers, USA: Kogan Page Ltd Turnbull, P. W., Valla, J. P., (2013),Strategies for international industrial marketing, USA: Croom Helm

Music Video Analysis free essay sample

Primary Audience The primary audience for this music video is African American males. The second verse of the music video shows Jay-Z getting pulled over by a Caucasian policeman for something coming out from a discriminating heart?he gets pulled over for driving fifty-five miles per hour in a fifty-four MPH zone. Feeling discriminated, Jay-Z raps about what happened and shows that this incident is just one of the many incidents of which him and his race deal with in their daily lives. Driving one mile over the speed limit is something that police would believe is not worth wasting time or effort to pull en over.However, because Jay-Z is from African decent, it is implied that Caucasians do not feel safe about African Americans driving around the streets?Caucasians may believe that African Americans are dangerous, criminals, and/or a possible threat to the community. Another verse in the song refers to the court trial that Jay-Z faced in 1999. One day in Kit Kate Club, located in Times Square of New York City, Jay-Z was accused of stabbing record executive Lance Un Riviera for Rivers bootlegging of Jay-Gs third record Life and Times of S.Carter (Wisped, Biography). This incident led Jay-Z to court for a trial. In the end, the court ruled that Jay-Z can bail out for half of a million dollars for what he had done. Although he stabbed a person, something that is immoral and almost unforgivable, Jay-Z complains in his song about spotting another sign of the governments discrimination against his race. Paying half a million dollar bail is an incredibly large amount of money, especially when the crime did not lead to death or can not be classified as attempting murder.If the criminal were from another race, per SE a Caucasian criminal, they may be able to bail UT with approximately two thousand dollars. Due to the fact that Jay-Z is of African decent, the courts action implied that an African American criminal should pay more than any other criminals would pay?once again, African American males seem to be threats and dangerous beings in Giving communities. From courts perspective, it is beneficial to keep African Americans in jail or only allowing them out at an expensive bail amount, for they are not trustworthy and may commit crime any time soon after release.TO his audience, Jay-Z is trying to show the various problems he had to endure just for being who he is. Therefore, he created his video in this particular manner to show the injustice that the government is enforcing on African American males and to tell his race that this is not just anyones problem that they could care less about. One of them might go, or perhaps have gone, through the similar situation one day. Secondary Audience On the other hand, in a broader range, the secondary audiences are all males in general.By t his time, it is clear thats-Z had gone through tough times throughout his career. He was caught selling drugs several times, was criminate by the society, spent time in jail, and has foes that wand make sure his caskets closed (Verse 1, line 2). Metaphorically speaking, he had 99 problems which were important landmarks and may have been major threats in his life. Going through all the conflicts, Jay-Z still survives and stands firm and takes a look at other males with their minor problems?for example, having girl problems.In the chorus of his song, he says that he has 99 problems but a pitch anti one, if you are having girl problems feel bad for you The feeling bad part of the chorus is not the literal intention of what Jay-Z is trying to tell the males with girl problems. He is being sarcastic and indirectly criticizing them for complaining for such little problems, compared to what Jay-Z Went through. Here is Jay-Z who Went through life or death problems looking at males who are complaining about little problems?it is almost comical to see them complaining from Jay-Gs perspective.Through the music video, Jay-Z is sending a message to his audiences that all have some kind of problems, big or small. He has gone through much worse than people who are dwelling on girl problems?life is to easy, but we all have to deal with it and move on. Informative Purpose that Directs to Ethos In 99 Problems, Jay-Z is literally talking about the major problems that he has gone through. For stabbing Lance LLC Riviera, people who were associated with Riviera still has grudge against him today.In verse one of the song, Jay-Z raps about how foes wand make sure his caskets closed (Verse One, line two) which means people want to kill him as a revenge for stabbing Riviera. Another set of fact that Jay-Z states is about a Caucasian cop pulling him over for speeding one mile over. The second verse of the lyrics he wrote are classical a conversation between the cop and Jay-Z. In the song, Jay-Z tries to imitate how the Caucasian cop spoke to him?with a white accent and a walked-talkie voice. By using the imitation of cops language as part of his lyrics, it makes the song very informative and gives it more credibility. Since his lyrics contain information about what happened to Jay-Z, it supports the ethos of his music video. He talks about him going from rags-to-retches (Verse 1, Line 15) which is believable with his drug selling problem. Although it is illegal, Jay-Z, living in rags, had to sell drugs to survive. His experiences sakes him very credible enabling us as the audience to believe in what he has to say about problems and ways Of survival in the ghettos.What Jay-Z says would not be credible if someone who grew up rich were to sing this song?for instance, Victoria Beckman who had a wealthy upbringing ever since she was born (Wisped, Biography). Jay-Z, who used to be poor from the beginning of his music career, struggled through all the problems and was able to achieve one of the highest positions in the music industry. Thus, what he says about the problems and his ghetto scenes in the music video are very likely to be credible. Further Purpose Although Jay-Z is talking about problems he faced throughout his career, it does not have to have such a negative feeling in the song.The message from the music video can be interpreted in a rather optimistic way to the audiences. By informatively explaining all the problems he faced to the listeners and viewers, he is using his song as a tool to glorify himself?for how he endured through tough situations without aid from anyone. Once again, he went through the most miserable times that anyone could ever be placed in?stabbed someone, punished in jail, sold drugs, discriminated, and much ore. But who was there to help him fulfill his American Dream? No one. Jay-Z had endured everything all by himself. The only help Jay-Z had was a little bit of knowledge that he picked up on the streets about having individual rights. In the second verse, when Jay-Z was pulled over for speeding, the cops ask him to step out of the cart see if he is carrying a weapon on him and asks to search his car (Verse 2, line 13). Jay-Z did not back down but rather knew his rights so the cop is going to need a warrant (verse 2, line 19). When he knew his individual rights, he declared them. When he had to pay is bail amount, he did it. With his individual effort, he fought through everything.Now, he is using this music video as a tool to make people know what went on with him and to praise him for what he did. Jay-Z wants to show that he is that tough. This can also be a type of persuasive purpose for he is trying to promote admiration for himself and show his strong male identity that will appeal to his audience. American Dream: Conclusion In conclusion, Jay-Z obtained his American Dream at last; going from rags- to-riches. Interestingly, all the problems and steps that he took to reach the pop could be referred to as American Nightmares.

When choosing a case an Example by

When choosing a case When choosing a case, I have chosen a case study of the Native American dealing with drug addiction. Drug addiction has many faces, and affects all races. Drug addiction is a serious problem, and growing amongst the youth. Drug addiction has many forms, and many people are addicted to totally legal drugs, which could be worse, because they can obtain them anytime they want whenever they want. Smoking cigarettes has been considered a lethal addiction. Studies done on the effects of nicotine, and the strong addictive properties that it has, have proved that nicotine, under heroine, is probably one of the most addictive drugs in the world. It is estimated that two out of every five smokers, who starred as teenagers, will come down with lung cancer (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008). When dealing with addiction, the individual must always recognize that they are the only ones who have the power to change their addiction. Need essay sample on "When choosing a case" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed It is imperative that those who have an addiction realize that they have addiction and confront it head on. The theory I've selected, and feel is most appropriate in this situation, is Hypno-psychotherapy. Sigmund Freuds psychoanalytic approach uses Hypnosis which has been around for centuries; it has been proven as an effective means of dealing with stress, depression, anxiety, and even addiction. At health and wellness centers across the country, they're beginning to use hypnotherapy as an effective means of treating their patients. In recent studies, hypnosis has been used to treat addictions, and has proven to have a 65% success rate in patients (Reinhelz, 2005). Although some professionals may disagree, many still use it in cases to treat stress, anxiety, or depression. James Esdaile (1808-1859) performed over 300 major medical surgical appointments in India using hypnosis as an anesthetic (Britannica Encyclopedia, 2008). I will help my client, a Native American who has been dealing with drug addiction, by using hypnosis to change the structures of his unconscious mind, thus releasing him from the negative behavior patterns associated with addiction. The reason I've chosen hypnosis, is often times many people throughout life do not remember every single moment of every single day, but subconsciously store memories of dramatic events which can then manifest in negative unconscious behavior patterns. Some people don't know why they do the things they do, and after they do something they know is wrong, feel guilt which later leads to depression and even to suicide. I firmly believe that my client is suffering from an addiction, primarily due to the suppressed memories he is holding from the past. I think that through hypnotherapy we can one; confront the issues he is dealing with from his past that is causing the negative behavior cycles, and two, put an end to these negative behavior cycles once and for all. One example of how hypnotherapy can heal addiction can be found in a study conducted on smokers who attended 6 months of hypnotherapy sessions, concluded that they are more likely to quit than those who use nicotine replacement therapy (Science Daily, 2007). Smoking, powerful addiction has been shown to be more effective than nicotine replacement therapies. This is one of the many claims respectable sources have towards hypnotherapy. By using hypnotherapy to cure my client's addiction, negative unconscious behavior patterns will seize, in the addiction will be a thing of the past. I would suggest doing about six months of regular hypnotherapy session work, after that time, symptoms of addiction, anxiety, depression, fear, and any other negative unconscious behavior pattern should cease dramatically, if not altogether. In summary, the approach I will use this as my client will be hypnotherapy, based on studies and findings I feel this is the appropriate approach, and will benefit my c lient the most. References Reinholz, M (2005) Hypnotherapy: Mind over Matter The New York Times Drug use. (2008). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved April 25, 2008 The Science Daily (2007) Hypnotherapy For Smoking Cessation Sees Strong Results Smoking. (2008). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved April 25, 2008

Free Essays on Bankruptcy

Ethics in Business From a business perspective, working under government contracts can be a very lucrative proposition. In general, a stream of orders keep coming in, revenue increases and the company grows in the aggregate. The obvious downfalls to working in this manner is both higher quality expected as well as the extensive research and documentation required for government contracts. If a part fails to perform correctly it can cause minor glitches as well as problems that can carry serious repercussions, such as in the National Semiconductor case. When both the culpable component and company are found, the question arises of how extensive these repercussions should be. Is the company as an entity liable or do you look into individual employees within that company? From an ethical perspective one would have to look at the mitigating factors of both the employees and their superiors along with the role of others in the failure of these components. Next you would have to analyze the final ruling from a corporate perspective and then we must examine the macro issue of corporate responsibility in order to attempt to find a resolution for cases like these. The first mitigating factor involved in the National Semiconductor case is the uncertainty, on the part of the employees, on the duties that they were assigned. It is plausible that during the testing procedure, an employee couldnt distinguish which parts they were to test under government ezdards and commercial ezdards. In some cases they might have even been misinformed on the final consumers of the products that they tested. In fact, ignorance on the part of the employees would fully excuse them from any moral responsibility for any damage that may result from their work. Whether it is decided that an employees is fully excused, or is given some moral responsibility, would have to be looked at on an individual ... Free Essays on Bankruptcy Free Essays on Bankruptcy Ethics in Business From a business perspective, working under government contracts can be a very lucrative proposition. In general, a stream of orders keep coming in, revenue increases and the company grows in the aggregate. The obvious downfalls to working in this manner is both higher quality expected as well as the extensive research and documentation required for government contracts. If a part fails to perform correctly it can cause minor glitches as well as problems that can carry serious repercussions, such as in the National Semiconductor case. When both the culpable component and company are found, the question arises of how extensive these repercussions should be. Is the company as an entity liable or do you look into individual employees within that company? From an ethical perspective one would have to look at the mitigating factors of both the employees and their superiors along with the role of others in the failure of these components. Next you would have to analyze the final ruling from a corporate perspective and then we must examine the macro issue of corporate responsibility in order to attempt to find a resolution for cases like these. The first mitigating factor involved in the National Semiconductor case is the uncertainty, on the part of the employees, on the duties that they were assigned. It is plausible that during the testing procedure, an employee couldnt distinguish which parts they were to test under government ezdards and commercial ezdards. In some cases they might have even been misinformed on the final consumers of the products that they tested. In fact, ignorance on the part of the employees would fully excuse them from any moral responsibility for any damage that may result from their work. Whether it is decided that an employees is fully excused, or is given some moral responsibility, would have to be looked at on an individual ...

Economics for Transport Manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Economics for Transport Manager - Essay Example Besides the use of the sector in production purposes, it has great importance amongst the consumer class of the society. Transportation cost holds a significant amount in consumer’s budget. Moreover transportation costs determine the price of products with increase in the former, contributing to simultaneous increase in the later. Thus the main aim of this paper is to discuss the different aspects of transport economics along with identifying the importance of the sector in every economic transaction. Pricing in the transport sector of the economy depends on different and continuously changing factors. The factors that have been identified are the type of the transport, the different types of industry and the countries and towns in which the transport sector is functioning. Moreover the pricing mechanism of the private transport industry differs from that of public transport. Thus there arises the need of discussing the two different price mechanisms of average cost pricing an d marginal cost pricing for the transport industry. (Jansson & Martinsson, 2003, p6) Difference between average cost pricing of a monopolist and marginal cost pricing Average cost pricing is referred as the procedure of charging price by a monopoly. If P is the price of the monopolist and AC is the average cost then the approach of average cost pricing of monopolist is accomplished where P = AC. In case of average cost pricing the firm enjoys zero profit. In transportation, setting price equal to average costs means the provider will offer the service when the value of providing the service is at least equal to the average cost of the same. (Haworth, n.d) P A AC P=AC MC D O MR Q (Haworth n.d) In this diagram... It is clear, that transport is a significant sector of the economy. The paper therefore discusses the economics of the transport sector applicable to business perspectives. Firstly, the paper focuses on mechanisms of setting standard price as are used in this sector. Identifying the price mechanisms and the importance of a proper market structure to the management are the subsequent topics of discussion. Competition has been identified as essential for efficient functioning of a market. Truly being applicable for the transport sector of the economy, the next topic of discussion of the paper is the importance of competitive laws and the effect of improperly designed competitive laws on economic functioning with its applicability to the transport sector. Transportation holds a significant position in the consumer basket and increase in its cost affects the consumer price index. Moreover transportation acts as a tool in maintaining stability of the economy through proper distribution of goods and services. Improper functioning of the sector may lead to the increase in price of products through the increase in transportation costs. Thus the importance of transportation in the economy as well as in the life of common people is the main focus of this paper. To conclude it can be said that transportation is a sector that has huge importance in every aspects of economy. The costs of transport which is in turn dependant on fuel have a cascading impact on all other products and services.

Laws And Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Laws And Nursing - Essay Example Nursing is the art of caring and tending to an ailing person or animal or any living thing for that matter. However, unlike other arts it also bears a deep relation with science (Cubacub, 2009). Owing to its artistic side nursing involves proficiency and also set methods and science in its most technical form owing to the scientific aspect. As with every other field in this world, nursing also incorporates within it, laws and ethics with nursing laws being based on nursing ethics. Ethics according to the Oxford Dictionary is ‘principles namely moral principles that govern how a person conducts an activity and the principles that govern a person’s behavior’ (Press, Ethics, 2010) . On the other hand the Oxford dictionary defines law in these terms (putting the meaning in simple words); the system of rules which a country employs and uses to regulate and control the actions and doings of its members (Press, Law, 2010). NMC, short for Nursing and Midwifery Council, is a council or a body that deals with almost every single side of nursing including the laws and ethics. It functions by regulating the nurses and midwives in different parts of the Great Britain such as; England, Scotland, Wales, the Islands and Northern Ireland (NMC, What we do, 2010). Their first and foremost concern is to safeguard and protect the wellbeing of public. (NMC, Factsheet: Assessment and investigation of fitness to practice referrals to the NMC, 2010) Informed consent in this matter is the most influential seeming aspect of law. It is a legal procedure that ensures the knowhow and knowledge of a patient regarding the potential risks and methods of a procedure or treatment plan (Cherry n.d.). This provides with an opportunity to the patients or clients in a health care system to make decisions regarding the matters of health and treatment plan. Consent could either be expressed or implied and depending upon the situation a t hand, either one of them is applicable and mandatory (Abbas 2012). Expressed consent is the most widely used and most applicable form of consent used in clinical practice. In this form, the patient willingly and verbally gives his consent regarding a medical or health procedure, etc. On the other hand, the patient does not verbally give consent in implied consent but rather his actions or body language clearly indicate that the consent has been given for example when a patient presents his arm for the administration of an injection, etc. however, the distinction between these two becomes unclear in clinical practice and requires careful evaluation of the situation by the physician and the nurse. Considering the role of a nurse in obtaining an informed consent, it is not the nurse’s duty to explain the technical details of a medical procedure but rather that of the physician. However, she is responsible for obtaining the patient’s signature on the consent form. These signatures imply that the consent was voluntary, not coercive and authentic and also that the nurse witnessed the physician asking for consent and the patient agreeing to it (Abbas 2012). In order for a nurse to protect herself from the legal implications, obtaining an informed consent is the most important and foremost responsibility. Any nurse who fails to do so is liable to legal action. Trehan and Sankhari (2002) explain in their work that any procedure started without first informing the patient about it and obtaining his consent would be labeled as â€Å"battery† which is liable to strict legal action being a crime in nature. Moreover they elucidate that blanket consent is no more valid in essence of legality. Not only this but also it is vital to document the consent taking for future medico-legal references. Ideally, a duplicate of the consent document should be handed over to the patient so that both parties possess the requisite information with them which can be re produced when need be (Trehan, Sankhari, 2002). As far as the legal perspectives of informed consent are considered, the